Piaget's Model of Cognitive Development

https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457
Jean Piaget was a psychologist from Switzerland who studied cognitive development in children. Based on his researched, he came up with a theory that there are 4 different stages of cognitive development. The 4 stages are the Sensorimotor stage, the Preoperational stage, the Concrete Operational Stage, and the Formal Operational Stage.

The Sensorimotor Stage

The Sensorimotor stage occurs in a child when they are born until when they are about 2 years old. At this stage the child begins to learn through different senses, reflexes, and movements throughout their environment. During this time, the child also begins to understand that objects still exist even if they may not physically see them. Finally, the child also transitions to doing activities intentionally, rather than just acting as a reflex.

The Preoperational Stage

The Preoperational stage starts when a child begins to speak until they are about 7 years old. During this time, they begin to recognize different symbols that represent objects. They also have trouble thinking in the past and future- to them they think mainly in the present. Additionally, a child at this stage begins to think through problems; however, this thought is only in one direction.

The Concrete Operational Stage

The Concrete Operational Stage begins when a child is in 1st grade until they are around 11 years old.  At this stage, the child is able to think through concrete problems logically and will organize different things into series and categories. They are able to also understand the past, the present, and the future. 

The Formal Operational Stage

The Formal Operational Stage occurs from adolescence through adulthood. At this time, the person is able to think hypothetically and make deductive and scientific inferences. They are able to solve problems logically and are able to think of things in different perspectives. Finally, they are able to develop feelings toward social issues, personal identity, and justice.

Source: Educational Psychology Textbook by Pearson, 14th edition

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